美国咖啡行业呼吁继续豁免巴西关税：咖啡在美国具有独特地位！The US coffee industry calls for continued exemption from Brazilian tariffs: Coffee has a unique position in the US!
财联社7月9日讯（实习编辑 杨舒雯/编辑 齐灵）本周三，美国咖啡行业公开呼吁特朗普政府继续保持对巴西生咖啡免征关税。
与此同时，美国国家咖啡协会（NCA）还要求政府将速溶咖啡列入巴西免税产品清单，称考虑到即饮咖啡罐等新产品的推出，速溶咖啡对于美国咖啡行业的竞争力至关重要。
本周，美国贸易代表办公室依据《1974 贸易法》第 301 条款，就巴西不公平贸易行为召开公开听证会，计划对巴西几种进口产品征收25%的关税。
此次301条款贸易调查中虽保留了对生咖啡豆的关税豁免，但是普通速溶咖啡被排除出免税范围。
目前，公开听证会已经收官，但美国贸易代表办公室暂未发布最终征税与豁免清单，全部裁定结果预计在7月15日前正式对外公布。
咖啡消费大国
值得注意的是，美国99%的咖啡豆都依赖于海外进口，本土产量不足总消费的1%，仅夏威夷、波多黎各（美国海外属地）有少量产咖啡豆。
其中，巴西作为世界上最大的咖啡生产和出口国，占美国全部生咖啡豆进口总量的三分之一。
此外，公开数据显示，66%的美国成年人每天都喝咖啡，70%的成年人每周都喝咖啡，且每位咖啡饮用者平均每天喝3杯咖啡。
美国国家咖啡协会总裁比尔·默里表示，确保这些咖啡关税税号继续免税，将为美国经济和每天约2亿美国成年咖啡饮用者带来显著利益。
在产业链传导上，美国国家咖啡协会表示，每进口1美元巴西咖啡豆，可带动美国烘焙、零售和餐饮等行业创造43美元经济产值，覆盖220万美国咖啡从业者。
默里评论道：“咖啡在美国人的日常生活中占据着独特的地位——没有其他饮料能像咖啡一样深受喜爱，成为人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。咖啡的流行不仅为美国咖啡爱好者带来巨大的好处，也惠及整个美国经济，我们预计美国人对咖啡的热爱将在未来几十年里持续下去。”
关税会破坏什么
去年8月，巴西遭受了美加征50%关税的冲击，给美国咖啡产业造成了严重的破坏，主要体现在消费者支出和行业需求的压力。
星巴克曾表示，关税是造成其销售额利润减少的原因之一。
值得注意的是，在最高法院推翻特朗普政府的大部分关税政策之前，进口到美国的普通速溶咖啡一直被征收50%的关税。目前，该产品在全球范围内被征收10%的关税。
巴西方面，有业内人士表示，美国对巴西的关税所造成的经济连锁反应不仅限于咖啡生产商，还波及从农民、采摘者到分销商和零售商的整个供应链。
美国是巴西咖啡最重要的单一出口市场之一，关税政策对巴西咖啡种植及出口产业链的冲击，与对美国消费端的冲击是同步的。
业内人士认为，如果这次关税成为现实，美国进口商和制造商将面临更高的成本负担，最终可能导致消费市场的价格上涨。
巴西速溶咖啡行业协会执行董事Agnaldo José de Lima表示：“额外关税带来的冲击将首先体现在企业和就业上，成本增加的压力最终会落到消费者身上。”
此外，行业普遍担忧，如果世界最大咖啡生产国巴西与主要消费国美国之间的贸易紧张局势持续下去，全球咖啡市场的不确定性将会增加。
Caixin News Agency, July 9th (Intern Editor Yang Shuwen/Editor Qi Ling) On Wednesday, the US coffee industry publicly called on the Trump administration to continue exempting Brazilian raw coffee from tariffs.
At the same time, the National Coffee Association (NCA) has also requested the government to include instant coffee in Brazil's duty-free product list, stating that considering the launch of new products such as ready to drink coffee cans, instant coffee is crucial for the competitiveness of the US coffee industry.
This week, the Office of the United States Trade Representative held a public hearing on Brazil's unfair trade practices under Section 301 of the 1974 Trade Act, and plans to impose a 25% tariff on several imported products from Brazil.
Although the tariff exemption for raw coffee beans was retained in the 301 trade investigation, ordinary instant coffee was excluded from the tax exemption scope.
At present, the public hearing has concluded, but the Office of the United States Trade Representative has not yet released the final list of tariffs and exemptions. The full ruling results are expected to be officially announced to the public before July 15th.
Coffee consuming country
It is worth noting that 99% of coffee beans in the United States rely on overseas imports, with domestic production accounting for less than 1% of total consumption. Only Hawaii and Puerto Rico (overseas territories of the United States) produce a small amount of coffee beans.
Among them, Brazil, as the world's largest producer and exporter of coffee, accounts for one-third of the total imports of raw coffee beans from the United States.
In addition, public data shows that 66% of American adults drink coffee every day, 70% of adults drink coffee every week, and each coffee drinker drinks an average of 3 cups of coffee per day.
Bill Murray, President of the National Coffee Association, stated that ensuring these coffee tariff codes remain tax-free will bring significant benefits to the US economy and approximately 200 million American adult coffee drinkers every day.
In terms of industrial chain transmission, the National Coffee Association of the United States stated that for every $1 imported Brazilian coffee beans, it can drive the baking, retail, and catering industries in the United States to create an economic output of $43, covering 2.2 million American coffee workers.
Murray commented, "Coffee occupies a unique position in the daily lives of Americans - no other beverage can be as beloved as coffee and become an indispensable part of people's lives. The popularity of coffee not only brings huge benefits to American coffee enthusiasts, but also benefits the entire American economy. We expect Americans' love for coffee to continue in the coming decades
What will tariffs destroy
Last August, Brazil was hit by a 50% tariff imposed by the US and Canada, causing serious damage to the US coffee industry, mainly reflected in pressure on consumer spending and industry demand.
Starbucks has stated that tariffs are one of the reasons for the decrease in its sales and profits.
It is worth noting that ordinary instant coffee imported into the United States was subject to a 50% tariff until the Supreme Court overturned most of the Trump administration's tariff policies. Currently, this product is subject to a 10% tariff worldwide.
On the Brazilian side, industry insiders have stated that the economic chain reaction caused by the US tariffs on Brazil is not limited to coffee producers, but also affects the entire supply chain from farmers, harvesters to distributors and retailers.
The United States is one of the most important single export markets for Brazilian coffee, and the impact of tariff policies on Brazil's coffee cultivation and export industry chain is synchronized with the impact on American consumers.
Industry insiders believe that if this tariff becomes a reality, US importers and manufacturers will face higher cost burdens, which may ultimately lead to price increases in the consumer market.
Agnaldo Jos é de Lima, Executive Director of the Brazilian Instant Coffee Industry Association, said, "The impact of additional tariffs will first be reflected in businesses and employment, and the pressure of increased costs will ultimately fall on consumers
In addition, the industry is generally concerned that if the trade tensions between Brazil, the world's largest coffee producer, and the major consumer country, the United States, continue, uncertainty in the global coffee market will increase.