不是人人都能“炫”咖啡，这9类人尽量忌口Not everyone can "show off" coffee, these 9 types of people should try to avoid it as much as possible
喝一杯咖啡，已经变成了越来越多人醒来的仪式。咖啡之所以这么受人喜爱，除了它能提神醒脑之外，也是因为不少研究对咖啡与健康的关系进行了综合分析后指出，适量喝咖啡可以降低某些癌症、糖尿病、心血管疾病的发生风险。
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不过，咖啡确实存在不适宜人群，尤其以下9类人群要特别注意。
01
睡眠障碍患者
咖啡因具有中枢神经兴奋作用，也就是大家常说的提神醒脑作用，这也是很多上班族、考研党依赖咖啡的原因。
但受基因影响，不同的人对咖啡因的敏感性也不一样。有些人的咖啡代谢基因比较弱，一点点咖啡因都要代谢好久，甚至早上喝的咖啡，到了晚上还在大脑里作用。
所以，如果有失眠、睡眠障碍等问题，那就尽量不要喝咖啡，或者少喝咖啡，最好不要在下午或者睡前喝咖啡。容易失眠的人，奶茶建议也少喝（奶茶含有的咖啡因也不少）。
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02
惊恐、焦虑人群
咖啡确实可能会引发突然性的惊恐和焦虑出现。不过先别慌，研究发现，每天摄入400～800毫克高剂量咖啡因（5～9杯咖啡）才可能会产生不良反应，比如使人产生焦虑、紧张、神经过敏、惊恐和震颤等问题。
只要不超过400毫克咖啡因（约5杯咖啡），就不会有这些问题。不是咖啡的狂热爱好者，通常不会喝这么多，不用太担心。
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03
心律失常人群
部分人喝完咖啡后会出现心跳加速、恶心、头晕等不适。其实，这属于“咖啡因不耐受”。这是一种正常现象，而且与个人对咖啡因的敏感性有关。
有的人对咖啡因比较敏感，代谢速度慢一些，喝咖啡就会出现心律失常、心跳加快、心悸等，但有的人就没事。
而且，不同的人对咖啡饮用量的反应也不一样：有的喝一杯就有这种问题，有的喝四五杯都没事。不过，这并不意味着就要告别咖啡了，而是要根据自己的情况调整喝咖啡的频次和分量。
如果出现心律失常、心悸，那就尽量不喝或少喝，比如原来每天喝2杯，不妨减少为每天喝1杯。
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04
缺铁性贫血患者
咖啡中的多酚、植酸等植物成分的确会影响铁的吸收，对于那些缺铁性贫血患者来说，要适当少喝咖啡。
此外，经常喝咖啡也可能会影响铁的储存水平。建议缺铁性贫血人群尽量不要在吃饭的同时喝咖啡，推荐饭后1小时饮用。
咖啡只影响非血红素铁，对血红素铁没有影响，多吃两块瘦肉就可补充铁元素。
对于健康的人来说，喝咖啡并不会影响铁的吸收，不用担心会导致缺铁性贫血。
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05
胃酸反流患者
一些研究发现，咖啡可能会使胃酸反流症状恶化。不过目前这个结论还存在争议，一些相关大型荟萃研究发现，不论是咖啡还是茶（咖啡因），都没有发现与胃食管反流病有直接关系。
而且，导致胃食管反流的原因也可能有多种，目前并没有特别明确到底是什么原因。
建议大家依据个人情况，如果你属于胃功能不太好，喝咖啡就有类似胃酸反流等不适症状，那就少喝或者不喝咖啡。
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06
肠易激综合征患者
肠易激综合征属于胃肠功能紊乱性疾病，指的是持续存在或间歇发作的腹痛、腹胀、排便习惯和大便性状异常，而又没有形态学及生化学异常的症候群。
一些研究发现，咖啡因会增加腹泻。比如，瑞典有调查显示，39%的肠易激综合征患者喝咖啡会出现肠道症状恶化，包括腹泻和胃痛。
然而，没有直接证据表明减少咖啡因摄入可以改善症状。肠易激综合征的发病机制尚不十分清楚，与多种因素有关。
目前比较被认同的诱因有肠道感染和精神心理障碍，饮食也会有一定影响；但影响比较小，控制饮食也不是解决它的唯一方法。
对这部分人群的建议仍然是，依据个人情况，如果你喝咖啡就有胃肠不适症状，那就少喝或者不喝咖啡。
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07
高血压患者
世界上成年人高血压的患病率超过30%，关于饮用咖啡对血压的影响和动脉高血压的风险有过很多争议。
目前研究认为，经常喝咖啡并不会增加高血压的患病风险。而且，咖啡中还含有多种抗氧化成分，比如绿原酸、咖啡豆醇等，这些抗氧化物质对心血管和血压控制也是有利的。
最新的荟萃分析结果表明，适度和习惯性地喝咖啡（每天1～3杯）对大多数人的血压不会产生不利影响，甚至还可能会降低患动脉高血压、心血管相关的全因死亡风险。
不过，在一些研究中发现，有些人在喝完咖啡后会出现短时间内血压升高的现象，通常是3小时以内。
提醒大家，对于不常喝咖啡的高血压患者来说，咖啡还是要适量，也不要一次喝太多。
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08
孕妇
总体上不鼓励孕妇喝咖啡，但这并不意味着就完全不能喝。如果实在想喝，也是可以喝的，如果有喝咖啡的习惯，或者想解解馋，需要控制一下咖啡因的摄入量，大约是普通人的一半。
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09
儿童和青少年
儿童和青少年还在发育，咖啡因对他们的神经系统和心血管系统的影响尚不完全清楚，咖啡因可能会扰乱孩子的睡眠状况，很多咖啡饮品还会带来糖摄入过多的问题。因此，建议儿童和青少年不喝咖啡。
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内容来源：
人民卫生出版社主办《生活与健康》杂志
文章标题：
《这9类人要少喝咖啡》（节选）
文章作者：
阮光锋
文章声明
本材料仅供疾病认知教育使用，无意提供任何医疗建议或推荐具体治疗方案，与您个体疾病状况有关的任何治疗方案或其他医疗相关问题，请咨询您的主治医生。
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Drinking a cup of coffee has become a ritual for more and more people to wake up. The reason why coffee is so popular is not only that it can refresh the mind, but also because many studies have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between coffee and health, pointing out that moderate coffee consumption can reduce the risk of certain cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
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However, coffee does have unsuitable populations, especially the following 9 groups of people who need special attention.
01
Sleep disorder patients
Caffeine has a central nervous system excitatory effect, also known as a refreshing effect, which is why many office workers and postgraduate candidates rely on coffee.
But due to genetic influences, different people have varying levels of sensitivity to caffeine. Some people have weaker coffee metabolism genes, and even a small amount of caffeine needs to be metabolized for a long time. Even the coffee they drink in the morning can still have an effect in the brain at night.
So, if you have problems such as insomnia and sleep disorders, try not to drink coffee or drink less coffee. It is best not to drink coffee in the afternoon or before bedtime. For people who are prone to insomnia, it is recommended to drink less milk tea (which also contains a lot of caffeine).
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02
People with panic and anxiety
Coffee may indeed trigger sudden panic and anxiety. However, don't panic yet. Research has found that consuming 400-800 milligrams of high-dose caffeine (5-9 cups of coffee) per day may cause adverse reactions, such as anxiety, tension, nervousness, panic, and tremors.
As long as it does not exceed 400 milligrams of caffeine (about 5 cups of coffee), there will be no such problems. Not a coffee enthusiast, usually wouldn't drink so much, don't worry too much.
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03
Population with arrhythmia
Some people may experience discomfort such as rapid heartbeat, nausea, and dizziness after drinking coffee. Actually, this belongs to 'caffeine intolerance'. This is a normal phenomenon and is related to an individual's sensitivity to caffeine.
Some people are more sensitive to caffeine and have a slower metabolic rate. Drinking coffee can cause arrhythmia, increased heart rate, palpitations, etc., but some people are fine.
Moreover, different people have different reactions to the amount of coffee they drink: some have this problem with just one cup, while others have no problem with drinking four or five cups. However, this does not mean saying goodbye to coffee, but rather adjusting the frequency and amount of coffee consumption according to one's own situation.
If there is arrhythmia or palpitations, try not to drink or drink less. For example, if you used to drink 2 cups a day, you can reduce it to 1 cup a day.
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04
Patients with iron deficiency anemia
The plant components such as polyphenols and phytic acid in coffee can indeed affect iron absorption. For those with iron deficiency anemia, it is advisable to drink coffee in moderation.
In addition, frequent coffee consumption may also affect iron storage levels. It is recommended that people with iron deficiency anemia avoid drinking coffee while eating, and drink it one hour after meals.
Coffee only affects non heme iron and has no effect on heme iron. Eating two extra pieces of lean meat can supplement iron elements.
For healthy people, drinking coffee does not affect iron absorption, so there is no need to worry about causing iron deficiency anemia.
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05
Patients with gastric acid reflux
Some studies have found that coffee may worsen symptoms of acid reflux. However, this conclusion is still controversial. Some large-scale meta-analyses have found that neither coffee nor tea (caffeine) has a direct relationship with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Moreover, there may be multiple reasons that can lead to gastroesophageal reflux, and it is currently not particularly clear what the exact cause is.
It is recommended that based on personal circumstances, if you have poor stomach function and experience discomfort symptoms such as acid reflux when drinking coffee, then you should drink less or not drink coffee.
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06
Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by persistent or intermittent abdominal pain, bloating, abnormal bowel habits and stool characteristics, without morphological or biochemical abnormalities.
Some studies have found that caffeine can increase diarrhea. For example, a survey in Sweden shows that 39% of patients with irritable bowel syndrome experience worsening intestinal symptoms, including diarrhea and stomach pain, when they drink coffee.
However, there is no direct evidence to suggest that reducing caffeine intake can improve symptoms. The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome is not yet fully understood and is related to multiple factors.
The currently recognized triggers include intestinal infections and psychological disorders, and diet can also have a certain impact; But the impact is relatively small, and controlling diet is not the only way to solve it.
The advice for this group of people is still that, based on individual circumstances, if you experience gastrointestinal discomfort while drinking coffee, then drink less or avoid coffee altogether.
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07
Hypertensive patients
The prevalence of hypertension in adults worldwide exceeds 30%, and there has been much controversy over the impact of coffee consumption on blood pressure and the risk of arterial hypertension.
Current research suggests that frequent coffee consumption does not increase the risk of hypertension. Moreover, coffee also contains various antioxidant components, such as chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, which are beneficial for cardiovascular and blood pressure control.
The latest meta-analysis results indicate that moderate and habitual coffee consumption (1-3 cups per day) does not have adverse effects on blood pressure in most people, and may even reduce the risk of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular related all-cause mortality.
However, some studies have found that some people experience a short-term increase in blood pressure after drinking coffee, usually within 3 hours.
Reminder to everyone, for hypertensive patients who do not drink coffee frequently, coffee should be consumed in moderation and not too much at once.
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08
pregnant woman
Generally speaking, pregnant women are not encouraged to drink coffee, but this does not mean that they cannot drink it at all. If you really want to drink, you can also drink it. If you have a habit of drinking coffee or want to satisfy your cravings, you need to control your caffeine intake, which is about half of the average person's.
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09
Children and adolescents
Children and adolescents are still developing, and the effects of caffeine on their nervous and cardiovascular systems are not fully understood. Caffeine may disrupt children's sleep, and many coffee drinks can also cause problems with excessive sugar intake. Therefore, it is recommended that children and adolescents do not drink coffee.
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Content source:
People's Health Publishing House hosts the magazine "Life and Health"
Article Title:
These 9 Types of People Should Drink Less Coffee "(excerpt)
Author of the article:
Ruan Guangfeng
Article statement
This material is only for disease awareness education purposes and is not intended to provide any medical advice or recommend specific treatment plans. For any treatment plans or other medical related issues related to your individual disease condition, please consult your attending physician.
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