从种子到杯子——云南咖啡“变形记”From Seed to Cup - The Metamorphosis of Yunnan Coffee
近年来，中国在全球咖啡版图上的地位日益凸显，不仅消费量激增，更成为重要的咖啡生产国。在这股咖啡风潮中，云南以其得天独厚的自然条件，稳坐中国咖啡产业的龙头位置，种植面积与产量双双占据全国的98%以上，引领着中国咖啡的未来。
云南咖啡种植已有130多年历史，主要分布在普洱、保山、临沧、德宏、西双版纳、怒江6个州市。截至2023年，全省咖啡种植面积114.6万亩，其中普洱最多，达67.9万亩。
咖啡庄园
云南是世界上最适合生长咖啡的地方之一，被誉为“阿拉比卡的天堂”，独特的自然条件，让云南咖啡以“浓而不苦、香而不烈、略带果酸”的特质，赢得越来越多圈内人士的认可。
每当我们沉醉于那杯香浓的云南咖啡时，可曾想过，这深色的琼浆都经历了怎样一场奇妙的旅程？今天，就让记者带你走进彩云之南，一探究竟。
精品咖啡苗。张静茹 摄
一切，都从种子开始。在云南的咖啡种植区，咖农们精心地挑选一些不同品种的生咖啡豆，作为下一代咖啡树的希望之种。这些种子，承载着丰收的希望和对美好未来的憧憬。
随着季节的更迭，咖啡树开花结果，最终迎来了采摘季。因云南的咖啡大多种植在山地上，采摘工作基本靠人工完成。勤劳的咖农们日出而作，日落而归，手工采摘每一颗熟透的咖啡豆。虽然成本较高，但也正是这份匠心，保障了云南咖啡的卓越品质。
挑选后的精品咖啡果实。人民网记者 虎遵会 摄
采摘过后，咖啡豆便踏上了精致的加工环节。经过筛选，去除杂质，保证每一粒咖啡豆都纯净无瑕。接着，去除果皮和果肉，进入发酵阶段，这个过程将为咖啡带来层次丰富的口感，是不可或缺的制作环节。
烘干环节将咖啡豆的水分精准控制在9-13%之间，之后它们将被妥善储存，历经时间的沉淀。储存期限可能长达数月乃至数年，一切都依赖于适宜的温度与湿度。
去皮后的咖啡生豆。陈泽鑫 摄
当咖啡豆准备就绪，便进入干磨阶段，去除外壳，展露出内在的精华。经过脱壳，咖啡豆呈现出我们所熟知的模样。
在品质鉴定环节，专业的咖啡品鉴师会根据“主要和次要缺陷”对咖啡豆进行严格筛选，确保每一粒都达到高品质的标准。
云南咖啡
随后，这些咖啡豆被送往世界各地，满足咖啡爱好者的渴望。在烘焙过程中，生咖啡豆被加热至超过400华氏度，烘焙时间的不同，赋予了咖啡豆独特的性格与风味。
为保证咖啡豆的新鲜，包装环节至关重要。优质的包装必须具备良好的密封性，以隔绝氧气与湿气，确保咖啡豆在数周内保持最佳风味。
不同种类的咖啡豆。苏红亮 摄
当我们准备冲泡时，咖啡豆被精细研磨成粉。值得注意的是，研磨后的咖啡豆极易氧化，因此最好在冲泡前即刻研磨，以锁住那最纯正的味道。
最后的萃取环节，考验着咖啡师的手艺与心血。适宜的水温、研磨度与水粉比例，共同铸就一杯完美的咖啡。当我们品味这杯美味时，不妨深思其背后的精彩历程。
手冲咖啡制作
现在，就让我们一起沉浸在这杯由种子到杯子的美妙咖啡中吧！感受云南的馈赠，品味自然的醇香。
Yunnan Channel of People's Daily Client
2024-04-15 08:40:39
In recent years, China's position on the global coffee map has become increasingly prominent, with not only a surge in consumption but also an important coffee producing country. In this coffee trend, Yunnan, with its unique natural conditions, firmly holds the leading position in China's coffee industry, with planting area and output accounting for over 98% of the country's total, leading the future of Chinese coffee.
Yunnan coffee cultivation has a history of over 130 years, mainly distributed in six provinces and cities including Pu'er, Baoshan, Lincang, Dehong, Xishuangbanna, and Nujiang. As of 2023, the coffee planting area in the province is 1.146 million mu, with Pu'er tea having the largest planting area of 679000 mu.
Coffee Plantation
Yunnan is one of the most suitable places in the world for growing coffee, known as the "paradise of Arabica". Its unique natural conditions have earned Yunnan coffee recognition from more and more people in the industry for its "strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, and slightly fruity" characteristics.
Whenever we indulge in that rich Yunnan coffee, have we ever thought about what wonderful journey this dark nectar has gone through? Today, let the reporter take you into the South of Colorful Clouds to explore the truth.
Figure 3: Fine coffee seedlings. Photo by Zhang Jingru. jpg? x-oss-process=style/w10
Premium coffee sprouts. Photo by Zhang Jingru
Everything starts from the seeds. In the coffee growing areas of Yunnan, coffee farmers carefully select different varieties of raw coffee beans as the seeds of hope for the next generation of coffee trees. These seeds carry the hope of a bountiful harvest and the longing for a better future.
As the seasons change, coffee trees bloom and bear fruit, finally ushering in the picking season. Due to the fact that most coffee in Yunnan is grown in mountainous areas, the picking work is mostly done manually. Diligent coffee farmers work from sunrise to sunset, hand picking every ripe coffee bean. Although the cost is high, it is precisely this craftsmanship that ensures the excellent quality of Yunnan coffee.
Figure 5: Selected premium coffee beans. Photo by Hu Zunhui, a reporter from People's Daily Online (2). JPG
Selected premium coffee fruits. Photo by Hu Zunhui, a reporter from People's Daily Online
After picking, the coffee beans undergo exquisite processing. After screening and removing impurities, every coffee bean is guaranteed to be pure and flawless. Next, remove the skin and flesh and enter the fermentation stage, which will bring a rich and layered taste to the coffee and is an indispensable production process.
The drying process precisely controls the moisture content of coffee beans between 9-13%, after which they will be stored properly and undergo sedimentation over time. The storage period may last for several months or even years, depending on the appropriate temperature and humidity.
Figure 5: Fresh coffee beans after peeling. Photo by Chen Zexin. jpg? x-oss-process=style/w10
Peeled coffee beans. Photo by Chen Zexin
When the coffee beans are ready, they will enter the dry grinding stage, remove the shell, and reveal the inner essence. After molting, the coffee beans take on the familiar appearance.
In the quality appraisal process, professional coffee tasters will strictly screen coffee beans based on "major and minor defects" to ensure that each one meets high-quality standards.
Figure 2: Yunnan coffee. jpg? x-oss-process=style/w10
Yunnan coffee
Subsequently, these coffee beans were sent to various parts of the world to satisfy the desires of coffee enthusiasts. During the roasting process, the raw coffee beans are heated to over 400 degrees Fahrenheit, and the different roasting times give the coffee beans a unique personality and flavor.
The packaging process is crucial to ensure the freshness of coffee beans. High quality packaging must have good sealing to isolate oxygen and moisture, ensuring that coffee beans maintain their optimal flavor for several weeks.
Figure 10: Different types of coffee beans. Photo by Su Hongliang JPG
Different types of coffee beans. Photo by Su Hongliang
When we prepare to brew, the coffee beans are finely ground into powder. It is worth noting that ground coffee beans are highly prone to oxidation, so it is best to grind them immediately before brewing to lock in the purest flavor.
The final extraction step tests the barista's craftsmanship and hard work. The appropriate water temperature, grinding degree, and water powder ratio together create a perfect cup of coffee. When we savor this delicious cup, we may as well contemplate the wonderful journey behind it.
Figure 12: Extraction. .JPG
Hand brewed coffee making
Now, let's immerse ourselves in this wonderful cup of coffee from seed to cup together! Experience the gifts of Yunnan and savor the natural aroma.
Responsible Editor: He Tian