吃这六类药 记得和咖啡“错峰”Remember to take these six types of medicine in a staggered manner with coffee

对许多人来说，每天早晨是从一杯咖啡开始的。咖啡给人带来愉悦和活力，是全球消费最多的饮料之一。可是，对于某些正在服药的人来说，咖啡有可能会带来一些风险。下面我们就来详细说一说，咖啡会对哪些药物带来影响。

咖啡与药物是敌是友

咖啡之所以让人“元气满满”，是因为其中的咖啡因，它可以兴奋我们的大脑中枢神经。从药理作用来看，咖啡因还可以刺激心血管系统，促进胃酸分泌，并且具有利尿效果。

正是由于这些特性，让咖啡遇到药物时，可能会产生一些相互作用。这种作用主要影响药物的吸收和代谢，长期服药人群尤其需要注意。

与此同时，咖啡与药物的相互作用，也与咖啡浓度、饮用量以及个人体质有关系。

六类药物最好别跟咖啡“碰面”

解热镇痛药其与咖啡“相遇”可能会引发胃部不适。当我们感冒发烧时，经常会使用解热镇痛药，比如对乙酰氨基酚、布洛芬等，这类药物本身就有刺激胃黏膜的副作用。而咖啡因也会促进胃酸分泌，胃黏膜在“双重压力”之下，可能导致胃部不适，出现胃痛等症状，甚至引发胃炎、胃溃疡等疾病。

抗骨质疏松药这类药物遇到咖啡，可能会加重骨质疏松。咖啡因会加速体内钙的清除，减少钙质吸收，引起骨质疏松。如果正在服用阿仑膦酸钠、碳酸钙等抗骨质疏松药，喝咖啡可影响药物吸收，降低药效，加重机体钙质流失。

利尿降压药其与咖啡一起喝，可产生“双重”利尿的作用。利尿剂是降压药中常用的一大类药物，比如呋塞米、螺内酯、氢氯噻嗪等。前面提到咖啡因具有利尿作用，如果同时服用利尿剂，那么利尿作用就会叠加，可能会使体内钾、钠离子流失过多，引起电解质失衡。而且，咖啡因还有升压作用，拮抗利尿剂的降压效果。

甲状腺激素药 咖啡可使其药效降低。比如左旋甲状腺素钠等，咖啡会使这些药物的肠道吸收减少一半左右，减弱了药效。

喹诺酮类抗生素这类药物与咖啡同服，可能会增加不良反应。喝咖啡可能会加重喹诺酮类抗生素对中枢神经系统的不良反应，出现头痛、头晕等症状，代表药物有左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星等。

安眠药 其与咖啡作用相悖。如果正在使用地西泮、艾司唑仑等安眠药，应该避免喝咖啡，它们的作用会相互抵消。

这样化解咖啡与药物的冲突

咖啡虽然能提神，但也会对某些药物的吸收和代谢产生一定影响。长期服药的人可以向医生咨询是否能喝咖啡以及建议的咖啡饮用量。如果您正在服药，喝咖啡时建议做到以下三点：

首先应该把握好服药和喝咖啡的时间间隔。服用上述容易与咖啡产生相互作用的药物时，建议在服药前后1至2小时内避免饮用咖啡。

其次，要控制咖啡饮用量。一般来说，每天摄入的咖啡因量不宜超过400毫克，大约相当于2至3杯(每杯约240毫升)普通咖啡。对于肝功能异常、年长者等特殊人群，由于代谢咖啡因所需时间更长，应减少咖啡饮用量，最好在服药期间避免饮用咖啡。

最后，是选择常温白开水送服药物。服药时尽量用常温白开水送服药物，能更好地保障药物发挥疗效。除此之外，正服药的患者在饮用咖啡后，要注意身体反应，包括心率变化、睡眠质量和精神状态等。若感到不适，应及时调整咖啡摄入量或咨询医生。

来源：北京青年报

编辑：赵玲洁

offee and medicine are enemies or friends

The reason why coffee is full of vitality is because of its caffeine, which can excite our central nervous system. From a pharmacological perspective, caffeine can also stimulate the cardiovascular system, promote gastric acid secretion, and have a diuretic effect.

It is precisely because of these characteristics that coffee may experience some interactions when it encounters drugs. This effect mainly affects the absorption and metabolism of drugs, and long-term medication users need to pay special attention to it.

At the same time, the interaction between coffee and medication is also related to coffee concentration, drinking volume, and personal constitution.

It's best not to encounter six types of drugs with coffee

Antipyretic and analgesic drugs may cause stomach discomfort when they come into contact with coffee. When we have a cold and fever, we often use antipyretic and analgesic drugs, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, etc. These drugs themselves have the side effect of stimulating the gastric mucosa. And caffeine can also promote the secretion of gastric acid. Under the "double pressure" on the gastric mucosa, it may cause discomfort in the stomach, such as stomach pain, and even lead to diseases such as gastritis and gastric ulcers.

Anti osteoporosis drugs, when combined with coffee, may exacerbate osteoporosis. Caffeine can accelerate the clearance of calcium in the body, reduce calcium absorption, and cause osteoporosis. If you are taking anti osteoporosis drugs such as alendronate sodium and calcium carbonate, drinking coffee can affect drug absorption, reduce efficacy, and exacerbate calcium loss in the body.

Diuretic and antihypertensive drugs, when consumed together with coffee, can have a "dual" diuretic effect. Diuretics are a commonly used class of antihypertensive drugs, such as furosemide, spironolactone, hydrochlorothiazide, etc. As mentioned earlier, caffeine has a diuretic effect. If diuretics are taken at the same time, the diuretic effect will overlap, which may cause excessive loss of potassium and sodium ions in the body, leading to electrolyte imbalance. Moreover, caffeine also has a pressor effect, antagonizing the antihypertensive effect of diuretics.

Thyroid hormone medication coffee can reduce its efficacy. For example, sodium levothyroxine, coffee can reduce the intestinal absorption of these drugs by about half, weakening their efficacy.

Quinolone antibiotics, when taken together with coffee, may increase adverse reactions. Drinking coffee may exacerbate the adverse reactions of quinolone antibiotics to the central nervous system, resulting in symptoms such as headache and dizziness. Representative drugs include levofloxacin and moxifloxacin.

Sleeping pills have opposite effects to coffee. If you are using sleeping pills such as diazepam and estazolam, you should avoid drinking coffee as their effects can counteract each other.

This resolves the conflict between coffee and medication

Although coffee can refresh the mind, it can also have a certain impact on the absorption and metabolism of certain drugs. People who take medication for a long time can consult a doctor about whether they can drink coffee and the recommended amount of coffee to drink. If you are taking medication, it is recommended to do the following three things when drinking coffee:

Firstly, it is important to manage the time intervals between taking medication and drinking coffee. When taking the above-mentioned drugs that are prone to interact with coffee, it is recommended to avoid drinking coffee within 1 to 2 hours before and after taking the medication.

Secondly, it is necessary to control the amount of coffee consumed. Generally speaking, the daily intake of caffeine should not exceed 400 milligrams, which is approximately equivalent to 2 to 3 cups (about 240 milliliters per cup) of regular coffee. For special populations such as those with abnormal liver function and the elderly, due to the longer time required to metabolize caffeine, coffee consumption should be reduced, and it is best to avoid drinking coffee during medication.

Finally, choose to take the medication with plain water at room temperature. When taking medication, try to use plain water at room temperature to ensure better efficacy. In addition, patients taking medication should pay attention to their physical reactions after drinking coffee, including changes in heart rate, sleep quality, and mental state. If you feel uncomfortable, you should adjust your coffee intake in a timely manner or consult a doctor.

Source: Beijing Youth Daily

Editor: Zhao Lingjie