云南市场监管部门全力建设咖啡产业标准化体系Yunnan market regulatory authorities are fully committed to building a standardized system for the coffee industry

本报讯（记者　朱丹）近日，云南省市场监管局发布《咖啡职业技能要求》5项系列地方标准，涵盖咖啡园管理、初加工、冲煮师、烘焙师、品评师五大工种，在全国范围内率先建成系统化咖啡职业能力评价体系，为行业输送“持证”的专业匠人，补齐长期制约服务品质的人才短板。

云南是我国咖啡核心主产区，省内小粒种咖啡种植面积、总产量均占全国98％以上，咖啡产业已成为群众增收致富、推进乡村全面振兴的特色支柱产业。多年来，我省深耕咖啡标准化体系建设，牵头、参与制修订咖啡领域国家标准、行业标准、地方标准超50项，建成国内覆盖范围最广、产业链条最完备的咖啡标准体系。

立足长期产业实践与科研技术积淀，云南构建起以国家标准为引领、行业标准为支撑、地方标准为核心、配套标准为细化补充的多级立体标准体系，标准规范贯穿咖啡种植、精深加工、品质检测、市场流通、技能人才、文旅融合、副产物综合利用等全链条环节，扭转了过去行业无统一准则、咖啡品质参差不齐的发展困局。

在国家标准层面，云南牵头制定《地理标志产品质量要求　普洱咖啡》，填补了国内咖啡类地理标志产品的国家标准空白；同步推进《地理标志产品质量要求　保山小粒咖啡》《感官分析方法　生咖啡感官分析的样品制备》《咖啡感官分析　术语》等多项国家标准研制，把云南小粒咖啡独有的风味特质、科学感官评价体系上升为全国统一执行规范。保山小粒咖啡成功纳入中欧地理标志互认清单，依托统一标准打通海外贸易通道。

云南深度参与《绿色食品　咖啡》《焙炒咖啡》《生咖啡》等行业标准编制，统一全国绿色咖啡种植、烘焙加工、生豆检测通用技术准则，为国内咖啡产业划定质量底线。

与此同时，我省省级地方标准形成闭环管理，《小粒种咖啡》等23项省级标准搭建起小粒咖啡全流程技术框架，标准覆盖品种选育、育苗管护、田间种植、初加工、瑕疵豆检验、生豆分级、杯品评测、精品原料、仓储物流全流程；配套制定咖啡病虫害监测、咖啡锈病绿色防控、咖啡果皮茶加工、产品质量追溯、行业赛事管理等细分规范。

在生产环节，标准化的推行统一了我省咖啡鲜果采摘、分级、加工流程，全省咖啡精品率稳步攀升，保山核心产区精品咖啡占比已提升至70％。

品控方面，我省完善生豆分级、杯品、感官分析等标准，建立科学量化评价体系，精品咖啡豆市场溢价明显，咖农亩均收益迎来实打实增长。《咖啡质量安全追溯管理规范》推行全程溯源，搭配缺陷检验、绿色食品标准，让每一粒云咖从田间到舌尖皆可查询、可信赖，抽检合格率保持高位。

此外，我省在全国首创的《咖啡果皮茶加工技术规程》让昔日“废料”变身新潮饮品，复合栽培、庄园建设等标准则催生“咖啡+文旅”“咖啡+循环农业”等新业态，产业链越拉越长。

Recently, the Yunnan Provincial Market Supervision Bureau released a series of five local standards called "Coffee Vocational Skills Requirements", covering five major occupations: coffee plantation management, initial processing, brewing, baking, and tasting. It has taken the lead in establishing a systematic coffee vocational ability evaluation system nationwide, providing the industry with "certified" professional craftsmen and filling the talent gap that has long constrained service quality.

Yunnan is the core coffee producing area in China, with the planting area and total output of small grain coffee accounting for over 98% of the national total. The coffee industry has become a characteristic pillar industry for increasing people's income and promoting comprehensive rural revitalization. For many years, our province has been deeply involved in the construction of a coffee standardization system, leading and participating in the formulation and revision of over 50 national, industry, and local standards in the coffee field, and has built the widest coverage and most complete industry chain of coffee standards in China.

Based on long-term industrial practice and scientific research technology accumulation, Yunnan has built a multi-level three-dimensional standard system led by national standards, supported by industry standards, centered on local standards, and supplemented by detailed supporting standards. The standard specifications run through the entire chain of coffee planting, deep processing, quality testing, market circulation, skilled talents, cultural tourism integration, and comprehensive utilization of by-products, reversing the development dilemma of the industry without unified guidelines and uneven coffee quality in the past.

At the national standard level, Yunnan has taken the lead in formulating the "Quality Requirements for Geographical Indication Products - Pu'er Coffee", filling the gap in national standards for coffee geographical indication products in China; Simultaneously promoting the development of multiple national standards such as "Quality Requirements for Geographical Indication Products - Baoshan Small Grain Coffee", "Sample Preparation for Sensory Analysis of Raw Coffee", and "Terminology for Coffee Sensory Analysis", elevating the unique flavor characteristics and scientific sensory evaluation system of Yunnan Small Grain Coffee to a unified national implementation standard. Baoshan Small Grain Coffee has been successfully included in the China Europe Geographical Indication Mutual Recognition List, and has opened up overseas trade channels based on unified standards.

Yunnan has been deeply involved in the formulation of industry standards such as "Green Food Coffee", "Roasted Coffee", and "Raw Coffee", unifying the general technical guidelines for green coffee cultivation, roasting and processing, and green bean testing nationwide, and setting a quality bottom line for the domestic coffee industry.

At the same time, the provincial local standards in our province have formed a closed-loop management system. 23 provincial standards such as "Small Grain Coffee" have established a technical framework for the entire process of small grain coffee, covering variety selection, seedling management, field planting, initial processing, defective bean inspection, green bean grading, cup evaluation, high-quality raw materials, and warehousing and logistics; Develop detailed standards for monitoring coffee pests and diseases, green prevention and control of coffee rust, coffee peel and tea processing, product quality traceability, and industry event management.

In the production process, the promotion of standardization has unified the process of picking, grading, and processing coffee fresh fruits in our province. The rate of high-quality coffee in the province has steadily increased, and the proportion of high-quality coffee in Baoshan's core production area has risen to 70%.

In terms of quality control, our province has improved the standards for green bean grading, cup quality, sensory analysis, and established a scientific quantitative evaluation system. The premium of the premium coffee bean market is significant, and the average income per mu of coffee farmers has seen real growth. The "Coffee Quality and Safety Traceability Management Specification" implements full traceability, combined with defect inspection and green food standards, so that every cloud coffee can be queried and trusted from the field to the tip of the tongue, and the sampling pass rate remains high.

In addition, our province's pioneering "Technical Regulations for Processing Coffee Peel Tea" has transformed former "waste" into trendy beverages, while standards such as composite cultivation and estate construction have given rise to new business models such as "coffee+cultural tourism" and "coffee+circular agriculture", resulting in a longer and longer industrial chain.